What do all motors have in common

The two types of DC motors include: Brushed: One of the oldest types of motor, brushed motors are internally commutated electric motors powered by direct current. Brushed motors are constructed of a rotor, brushes, an axle and The charge and polarity of the brushes control the direction and speed of the motor. Brushless : In recent years, brushless motors have gained in popularity for many uses, largely due to their efficiency. Brushless motors are constructed in the same fashion as brushed motors, minus, of course, the brushes.

Brushless motors also include specialized circuitry to control speed and direction. In brushless motors, magnets are mounted around the rotor, a configuration that improves efficiency.

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These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Electric motors are machines that convert electrical energy—from either stored power or a direct electrical connection—into mechanical energy through the production of rotational force.

The two major types of electric motors are:. Both AC and DC motors use electrical current to produce rotating magnetic fields that, in turn, generate rotational mechanical force in the armature—located on the rotor or stator—around the shaft. The various motor designs use this same basic concept to convert electric energy into powerful bursts of force and provide dynamic levels of speed or power. While electric motors may differ from one design or type to another, many of them contain these parts and assemblies located from the center working outward :.

AC and DC motors are broad categories of motors that include smaller subtypes. Induction motors, linear motors, and synchronous motors, for example, are all types of AC motors. Each motor type has different advantages that make them best suited for different commercial and industrial applications.

A synchronous AC motor is where the rotation of the shaft is at the same frequency as the current supply with the rotation period being equal to the integral number of AC cycles. The synchronous speed is constant and at which the motor generates electromotive force. The speed of a synchronous motor is independent of the load where variations in the load does not affect the speed of the motor.

Synchronous motors are not self-starting, which is unlike self-starting motors where the power supply is connected directly to the stator. Reluctance motors are a single phase motor, which operate with an accurate value of rotating magnetic field without any synchronous speed.

The motor uses reluctance of torque to operate, a type of torque in iron devices. The torque for the motor is created by the exterior field generating an inner field on the iron device. For the reluctance torque to be generated, it has to be stretched around the axes at angles to the angle of the contingent poles of the outer field. The unique nature of the rotor of a hysteresis motor is what makes it different from other AC motors.

The rotor contains semi-permanent magnetic material. Torque is created by the magnetic flux lagging behind the external magnetizing force. Hysteresis motors provide exact speed with low flutter and operate with little noise. A hysteresis motor has a core of non-magnetic material with a layer of special magnetic material. The rotor is a smooth cylinder without any windings.

The hysteresis ring is made of chrome or steel with a hysteresis loop. A repulsion motor is a type of single phase motor that works by the repulsion of similar poles. Aside from the rotor and stator, a repulsion motor has a commutator brush assembly. The rotor has a distributed DC winding that is connected to the commutator like a DC motor with the carbon brushes short circuited on themselves.

As the rotor circuit shortens, the rotor receives power from the stator by transformer action. The working principle and function of a repulsion motor is the repelling of the similar poles where the north poles repel each other as do the south poles. An asynchronous motor uses an induced current in its rotor to produce rotatory motion.

This is the most common of the AC motors since it relies on AC current that is connected to the stator for its power supply. All of the power for an asynchronous motor is connected to the stator, none of which is connected to the rotor.

The power for the rotor comes from induction. The induction for the rotor is due to its close proximity to the stators electromagnetic field, which causes the rotor to generate its own electromagnetic field that causes it to spin. It is used for heavy duty applications because of its simplicity of design and ruggedness.

The standards are based on electrical equipment manufacturing and best practices. Induction motors are classified by their electrical design. A description of the characteristics of each of the classifications is:. There are any number of uses for AC motors from running appliances to supplying power to large pieces of machinery. Their low cost with high efficiency makes them applicable to a variety of applications. Wherever electrical motors are needed, AC motors are generally at the heart of the application.

AC motors are more powerful than other types of motors because they can generate more torque using powerful current. They come in a wide variety of sizes, configurations, and strengths to meet the power needs of any industry. AC motors are flexible and adaptable to meet the needs of a variety of functions due to their efficiency and low noise.

Uses for AC motors include pumps, water heaters, lawn and garden equipment, ovens, and off-road motorized equipment. Three phase AC motors are used for most industrial applications. The three main parts of an AC motor are the rotor, stator, and enclosure with working parts being the stator and rotor, while the enclosure protects the motor and serves as its housing.

AC motors are used for a wide variety of industrial applications because of their strength, adaptability, endurance, and simplicity of design, which makes for easy maintenance. They can operate an industrial pump or a home mixer and adapt to each function with ease. It is made from laminations, which are thin metal sheets, that are stacked on each other to form a hollow cylinder. The use of laminations reduces the loss of energy.

Stator windings refer to the copper wire that is wound around the stator in its slots. The number of slots in the stator depends on the phases of power that is provided to the coils. A three phase motor has six slots with three pairs of coil windings that are offset by o.

The term winding is used to describe an entire electromagnetic circuit composed of multiple coils. The coils are of the same shape and size. The more coils a motor has, the more smoothly it will run.

The number of electric currents energizing the coils is known as the phase of the motor. A three phase motor can have three, six, or twelve coils. When the motor is activated, the stator is connected directly to the power source, which transforms the coils and stator into an electromagnet. The rotor is the part of an AC motor that moves or rotates. The squirrel cage type of rotor construction is the most common type. Much like the stator, a squirrel cage rotor is made by stacking laminations to form a cylinder.

The bars for the squirrel cage are made of aluminum or copper. Once the laminations have been stacked and the conductor bars inserted, a steel shaft is pressed into the middle of the assembly.

The function of bearings on an AC motor are to support and locate the rotor, to keep the air gap small, and transfer loads to the motor.