How is signal amplification accomplished in the cell

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Recommended for you. September 11, Lecturio read more. September 30, Lecturio read more. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Register to leave a comment and get access to everything Lecturio offers! Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Create your free account. Become fluent in medicine with video lectures and Qbank. How is signal amplification accomplished in the cell? Category: science biological sciences. Describe how signal amplification is accomplished in target cells.

Small, water soluble molecules or ions, which rapidly relay the signal from the membrane-receptor-bound "first messenger" into a cell's interior. Steroid hormones activate receptors in target cells to regulate gene expression. How do you amplify a signal? What is an example of signal transduction?

What are the 3 stages of cell signaling? Three Stages of Cell Signaling. First, reception, whereby the signal molecule binds the receptor. What are the three main types of signals can cells receive? How does signal transduction work? What is the benefit of a signal cascade? Why is signal transduction important? How is signal transduction terminated? How do intercellular connections function? What are the three parts of a signal transduction pathway?

Phases of Signal Transduction. There are three stages in the process of cell signaling or communication: Reception-a protein at the cell surface detects chemical signals. What does signal transduction mean? What is paracrine communication?

What is the signal transduction pathway in which multiple signals lead to the same type of Why is specificity between a receptor protein and a signal molecule important? What are the principles of tests used to study signal transduction? Why do many signal transduction pathways involve the protein kinase? How do drugs target specific signal transduction pathways and alter cellular response?

How do signal transduction pathways occur? Can signal transduction pathways talk to each other? How were signal transduction pathways discovered? Quantitative immunoblotting data was processed using GelInspector software [ 3 ]. For first estimates, csaps-splines were used with a smoothness of 0. To separate free [ I]-Epo from cell-associated [ I]-Epo, cells were centrifuged through a layer of fetal calf serum Invitrogen and supernatants were measured in a gamma counter Packard.

Measurements were performed in triplicates. As we discussed in Background, power-law models allow the representation of complex dynamics such as saturation-like behaviour, inhibition or cooperativity with simplified equations. Our strategy is to iteratively increase the complexity of our model by allowing variable non-integer kinetic orders for those processes where we do not have prior knowledge to determine the value of the kinetic order.

We thus allow for a larger class of models, which includes the structure of conventional models based on mass-action kinetics with fixed predefined integer kinetic orders as a special case. In the present paper a genetic algorithm was used for parameter estimation. The algorithm has been adapted and optimised for power-law models. In the estimation process, each element of the population of solutions represents a point in the parameter value space.

The initial population of solutions is generated through a random exploration of the search space, which is defined using feasible intervals of values for the variables Sup. The best individuals of the population are selected in the considered iteration based on the value of the following objective function [ 32 ]:.

An additional fast-climbing stochastic algorithm is applied to the best solution each iteration of the algorithm. The stopping criterion is based on either a previously established maximum number of iterations or a minimum level of satisfaction for the objective function.

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Gene Ther. Biochemical Engineering Journal. Download references. Systems Biology of Signal Transduction Group. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Olaf Wolkenhauer. JV from the University of Rostock designed the study, set up the mathematical model and performed the calculations concerning the analysis of responsiveness and amplification under the supervision of OW. Finally all the authors including JT from University of Freiburg drafted the manuscript.

Additional file 1: Supplementary material. The additional file contains further information about the model calibration process and some figures complementing the discussion and the model selection. PDF KB. Reprints and Permissions. Vera, J. BMC Syst Biol 2, 38 Download citation. Received : 24 January Accepted : 25 April Published : 25 April Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background The amplification of signals, defined as an increase in the intensity of a signal through networks of intracellular reactions, is considered one of the essential properties in many cell signalling pathways. Conclusion The selected kinetic model predicts that the system acts as an amplifier with maximum amplification and sensitivity for input signals whose intensity match physiological values for Epo concentration and with duration in the range of one to minutes.

Background Cellular signal transduction is accomplished by networks of interacting proteins that detect, modulate and transfer cellular signals which control gene expression. Figure 1. Full size image.